Heat-related illnesses are becoming increasingly common as periods of unusually hot weather occur more frequently. While sunburn and dehydration are well-known summer health concerns, heat stroke remains one of the most serious consequences of extreme heat. Understanding the warning signs and taking simple preventive measures can help save lives.
Dr Maria Markides, Private GP at Renacres Hospital, explains how to recognise the symptoms of heat stroke, who is most at risk and what steps you can take to stay safe during hot weather.
What Is Heat Stroke?
Heat stroke occurs when the body's temperature rises to dangerous levels, usually above 40°C, and it becomes unable to cool itself effectively. Unlike milder heat-related conditions such as heat exhaustion, heat stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.
Anyone can develop heat stroke, but certain groups are particularly vulnerable. Older adults, young children, people with chronic health conditions and those taking medications that affect hydration or temperature regulation are at increased risk.
Outdoor workers, athletes and people undertaking strenuous physical activity during hot weather are also more susceptible, particularly if they are not adequately hydrated.
Symptoms of Heat Stroke
Symptoms of heat stroke may include:
- A high body temperature
- Hot, flushed skin
- Severe headache
- Dizziness or light-headedness
- Rapid heartbeat
- Nausea or vomiting
- Confusion or disorientation
- Slurred speech
- Loss of consciousness
- Seizures in severe cases
What to Do if Someone Has Heat Stroke
Dr Markides advises that anyone showing signs of heat stroke should be moved to a cool place immediately and measures taken to lower their body temperature.
Removing excess clothing, applying cool water to the skin, using fans and placing cold packs around the neck, armpits and groin can all help reduce body temperature.
If the person remains unwell, becomes confused, loses consciousness or displays any severe symptoms, an ambulance should be called without delay.
Preventing Heat Stroke
There are several simple steps that can help reduce the risk of heat stroke during periods of hot weather.
Drink fluids regularly, even if you do not feel thirsty. Alcohol can contribute to dehydration and should be consumed in moderation, particularly during periods of extreme heat.
Wear lightweight, loose-fitting clothing and seek shade during the hottest part of the day, typically between 11am and 3pm.
Placing your feet in cool or iced water, or wet towels placed around the head and neck also help, especially if there is a fan in the room.
Consider investing in outside window shutters and air conditioning units. If your home is known to heat up and you are mobile, consider sheltering in a communal air conditioned venue, for example the cinema, a museum or library.
Looking Out for Others
Dr Markides also recommends checking regularly on vulnerable friends, relatives and neighbours during heatwaves, as older adults may not always recognise the signs of dehydration or overheating.
By understanding the symptoms of heat stroke and taking sensible precautions during hot weather, you can reduce your risk and help protect those around you from a potentially life-threatening condition.
Need to Speak to a GP?
If you have concerns about your health during periods of hot weather, or would like medical advice on managing a condition safely, Ramsay Health Care's Private GP service offers fast and convenient access to experienced doctors across the UK, face to face and virtually.
With appointments available when you need them, longer consultation times and quick access to referrals, diagnostic tests and specialist care, our Private GPs can help you take control of your health with personalised advice and support.
Find out more about Ramsay Health Care's Private GP service or book an appointment today.